📘 Lesson 1: Introduction to Computers

1.1 What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data (input), processes it, and produces meaningful information (output). It can also store information for future use.

• Input: Data entered into the computer (keyboard, mouse, scanner).
• Process: The computer works on the data using software and hardware.
• Output: Results shown on screen, printed on paper, or saved in files.
• Storage: Information saved in memory (hard disk, pen drive, cloud).

👉 Example: When you type a letter in MS Word and print it, typing is input, formatting is processing, printed paper is output, and saved file is storage.

1.2 Components of a Computer

(A) Hardware

Physical parts of the computer that you can touch.

• Monitor: Displays output.
• Keyboard: Used for typing.
• Mouse: Used for pointing and clicking.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit): Brain of the computer.
• Printer: Prints documents.

(B) Software

Programs that run on the computer.

• System Software: Operating System (Windows, Linux).
• Application Software: MS Word, Excel, Paint, Notepad.

1.3 Types of Computers

• Desktop Computer: Fixed at one place, powerful.
• Laptop: Portable computer with battery.
• Tablet: Touchscreen device.
• Smartphone: Small computer in your pocket.

1.4 Basic Functions of a Computer

1. Input: Entering data.
2. Processing: Working on data.
3. Output: Showing results.
4. Storage: Saving data.

👉 Example: ATM machine – you input PIN, it processes request, gives cash (output), and updates balance (storage).

1.5 Advantages of Computers

• Speed: Work done in seconds.
• Accuracy: Fewer mistakes.
• Storage: Large amount of data saved.
• Communication: Emails, video calls.
• Automation: Repeated tasks done automatically.

1.6 Limitations of Computers

• No self-thinking (depends on human instructions).
• Needs electricity or battery.
• Can be affected by viruses.

1.7 Practical Exercise

1. Identify hardware parts of your computer (Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse).
2. Open Notepad and type: “Computer is my learning partner.” Save the file.
3. Search on Google: “Types of Computers” and note down 3 examples.

1.8 Review Questions

1. Define computer in simple words.
2. What is the difference between hardware and software?
3. Name four types of computers.
4. Explain the four basic functions of a computer.
5. Write two advantages and two limitations of computers.

1.9 Summary

In this lesson, you learned:

• Computer is an electronic machine that works on input, process, output, and storage.
• Hardware are physical parts, software are programs.
• Types of computers include desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphone.
• Computers are fast and accurate but depend on humans.